Senin, 22 Februari 2010

Tips Jitu Menghindari Radiasi Ponsel



Radiasi yang timbul karena pemakaian ponsel kerapkali dituding sebagai penyebab berbagai masalah kesehatan. Bahkan beberapa penelitian menyatakan, radiasi ponsel bisa mengakibatkan penyakit serius semacam kanker atau gangguan otak tertentu. Meskipun ada juga penelitian yang membantah hal tersebut.

Untuk meminimalisir bahaya yang mungkin terjadi karena pengaruh radiasi ponsel, berikut tips jitunya seperti diramu dari EMF-Health.


- Batasi pemakaian ponsel hanya pada panggilan yang penting-penting saja dan bicaralah dengan singkat. Ingatlah bahwa pembicaraan via ponsel yang terlalu lama, apalagi sampai berjam-jam disinyalir mempunyai beberapa dampak buruk terhadap kesehatan. Namun jika Anda memang harus melakukan panggilan yang lama, disarankan untuk memakai handsfree untuk keamanan.
- Anak-anak di bawah umur seharusnya hanya diperbolehkan memakai ponsel dalam keadaan darurat saja. Mengingat mereka masih dalam tahap perkembangan, bahaya radiasi bisa bertambah parah.
- Jika memakai ponsel tanpa handsfree, tunggulah sampai panggilan benar-benar terkoneksi sebelum menaruh ponsel di telinga untuk melakukan pembicaraan.
- Minimalisir pemakaian ponsel di ruang tertutup dengan bahan logam atau baja, misalnya di dalam mobil. Dalam ruangan seperti ini, ponsel harus bekerja keras menstabilkan koneksi sehingga radiasi meninggi. Selain itu, ada kemungkinan radiasi memantul kembali ke pengguna di ruangan yang didominasi bahan baja.
- Minimalisir penggunaan ponsel ketika kekuatan sinyal hanya satu bar atau kurang. Dalam kondisi ini, ponsel juga harus bekerja keras untuk menstabilkan koneksi sehingga radiasi bertambah besar.
- Belilah ponsel dengan level SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) yang rendah. Level SAR adalah ukuran kuantitas frekuensi radio yang diserap tubuh manusia. Semakin rendah levelnya, semakin baik untuk meminimalisir radiasi. Anda bisa mendapat informasi mengenai SAR ini di buku panduan atau surfing di internet.

Semoga bermanfaat!


Senin, 21 Desember 2009

Menangkal Radiasi Dengan Tanaman Hias

Sebuah fakta menarik, bahwa Lembaga Penerbangan Antariksa AS (NASA) menanam ribuan sansevieria di dekat instalasi nuklirnya. Lokasi penanaman ini hanya berjarak sekitar 10-25 meter dari instalasi nuklir tersebut. Apabila suatu saat terjadi kebocoran, maka ribuan sansevieria tersebut akan meredamnya.

Ya, ternyata tanaman hias Sansevieria atau dikenal juga dengan sebutan Lidah Mertua adalah tanaman antipolutan dan juga penangkal radiasi.

Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sanseveira mampu meyerap 107 jenis racun. Termasuk racun-racun yang terkandung dalam polusi udara (karbonmonoksida), racun rokok (nikotin), bahkan radiasi nuklir. Riset lainnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk ruangan seluas 100 m3 cukup ditempatkan Sansevieria Lorentii dewasa berdaun 5 helai agar ruangan itu bebas polutan.

Ciri spesifik yang jarang ditemukan pada tanaman lain, diantaranya mampu hidup pada rentang suhu dan cahaya yang luas, sangat resisten terhadap gas udara yang berbahaya (polutan), bahkan mampu menyerapnya sehingga didaerah berlalulintas padat dan didalam ruangan yang penuh dengan asap nikotin dimanfaatkan sebagai antipolutan (air freshener). Sementara di Afrika getah Sansevieria dimanfaatkan sebagai antiracun ular dan serangga.

Sebagai tanaman hias sansevieria sangat mudah dirawat dan tidak membutuhkan banyak lahan. Sansiveria (lidah mertua) memang sering kita temui di pekarangan rumah di kampung-kampung, baik itu ditanam di di sekitar pagar maupun di dalam pot, tetapi mungkin kita belum banyak mengetahui akan salah satu fungsinya yang anti polutan dan radiasi, jadi bagi yang belum buruan kita tanam di rumah kita.

Berikut tanaman lain yang antipolutan:

  • Paku Boston Nephrolepis exaltata Bostoniensis Penyerap paling ampuh
  • Palem Chyrsalidocarpus lutescens Penyerap banyak polutan
  • Palem bambu Chemaedorea seifrizii Formaldehid, benzena, Trichloroethylene, dan Penguapan tinggi
  • Karet hias Ficus robusta Formaldehid
  • Dracaena Draceana deremensis Formaldehid
  • Ivy Hedera helix Formaldehid
  • Palem phoenix Phoenix roebelenii Xylene
  • Lili air Spathiphyllum sp Alkohol, aseton, Formaldehid, Benzene, Trichloroethylene
  • Dracaena Dracaena fragans massangeana Formaldehid
  • Sirih Belanda Epipremnum aureum Formaldehid
  • Paku Neprolepis obliterata Formaldehid, alkohol
  • Krisan Chrysanthemum morifolium Formaldehid, benzene, Ammonia.
  • Gerbera Gerbera jamesonii Transpirasi tinggi
  • Dracaena Dracaena deremensis warneckei Benzene
  • Dracaena Dracaena marginata Xylene dan Trichloroethylene
  • Schefflera Brassaia actinophylla Formaldehid.

Selasa, 01 Desember 2009

Mengenal Reaktor nuklir di Indonesia......

1.Reaktor Triga Mark II
Memiliki daya 250 kW pada 1965, ditingkatkan menjadi 1.000 kW pada 1971, dan terakhir menjadi 2.000 kW pada 2000. Reaktor tersebut merupakan salah satu fasilitas dari kawasan nuklir Bandung yang menempati lahan sekitar 3 ha. Di kawasan ini terdapat Pusat Teknologi Bahan dan Radiometri. Kegiatan di sana meliputi pendayagunaan reaktor untuk penelitian dan pembinaan keahlian, litbang bahan dasar, radioisotop dan senyawa bertanda, instrumentasi dan teknik analisis radiometri, pengawasan keselamatan kerja terhadap radiasi dan lingkungan, serta pelayanan kedokteran nuklir.


2.Reaktor Kartini
Memiliki daya 100 kW dan terletak di kawasan nuklir Yogyakarta dengan luas lahan sekitar 8,5 ha. Di samping Reaktor Kartini, kawasan ini juga memiliki fasilitas perangkat subkritik, laboratorium penelitian bahan murni, akselerator, laboratorium penelitian D2O, laboratorium fisika dan kimia nuklir, fasilitas keselamatan kerja dan kesehatan, perpustakaan, fasilitas laboratorium untuk pendidikan, Pusat Teknologi Akselerator dan Proses Bahan, serta Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nuklir (STTN).



3.Reaktor Siwabessy
Dengan daya 30 MW terletak di kawasan nuklir Serpong, Provinsi Banten, dengan luas lahan sekitar 25 ha. Kawasan Nuklir Serpong adalah pusat Litbangyasa Iptek Nuklir yang dibangun dengan tujuan untuk mendukung usaha pengembangan industri nuklir dan persiapan pembangunan serta pengoperasian PLTN di Indonesia. Pembangunan instalasi dan laboratorium Kawasan Nuklir Serpong dilaksanakan melalui tiga fase yang dimulai sejak 1983 dan selesai secara keseluruhan 1992. Kawasan Nuklir Serpong terletak di kawasan Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (Puspitek).


Selasa, 17 Maret 2009

The Muria peninsula nuclear power proposal: state of play

Introduction

Richard Tanter and Arabella Imhoff from Nautilus Institute at RMIT University write that the Indonesian government proposal to build a large nuclear power station on the north coast of Central Java on the Muria Peninsula gave rise to considerable local opposition on the basis of concerns about unacknowledged seismic and volcanic risk, a lack of financial transparency, and corruption in the nuclear regulatory agency. In 2008 National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) responded publicly by claiming to consider alternative sites in Java and Kalimantan. Tanter and Imhoff conclude that “there is good reason to doubt that BATAN has in fact abandoned its long-held plans, and that the issue has just been removed from the public agenda for the duration of the election campaigns. While the case for a nuclear response to Indonesia’s electricity requirements is a weak one, the social forces backing nuclear power inside the country and abroad remain powerful.”

The Muria peninsula nuclear power proposal: state of play

There are presently serious proposals for three separate nuclear power projects in Indonesia, one of them well advanced with serious implications for human security and possibly military security in the region. Two are as yet poorly developed ideas, with little likelihood of moving forward in the near future. One plan, backed by local politicians and Russian nuclear plant vendor Rosatom, proposes a small Russian-built floating nuclear power plant to supply electricity to Sulawesi from Gorontalo province. The other, which has strong IAEA support, proposes a nuclear powered desalination plant on Madura that would also co-generate electricity for the Java-Madura-Bali (Jamali) electricity grid. Neither of these plans is progressing quickly.

The most important Indonesian nuclear power possibility involves a revival of a longstanding National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) plan to build a major nuclear electricity generating station on the north coast of Central Java on the Muria Peninsula. BATAN’s proposal is to build the first of four 1,000 MW pressurised water reactors (PWR) at Ujung Lemahabang in the village of Balong, about 20 kms northeast of Jepara. This article is an update of the state of play of this project, and concludes that despite setbacks, a decision on whether or not to proceed will be on the agenda of the new Indonesian administration that will emerge from the July 2009 election. [i]

This proposal is the agency’s third substantial attempt at getting government commitment to a nuclear plant on the Muria peninsula since the early 1980s. The first, strongly supported by then Minister for Research and Technology B.J.Habibie, was thwarted in the late 1980s by opposition from the World Bank and the Ministry of Finance, combined with the then dominant military’s visceral dislike of Habibie. The second attempt in the mid-1990s ended with the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and the subsequent fall of the New Order.

The latest version of the Muria proposal emerged in 2002-3, and gathered strength in the following years, fed by three sets of pressures. The first driver, in Indonesia, as in other countries once again contemplating nuclear power for electricity, was the argument that nuclear power could alleviate concerns about the greenhouse gas emissions of the coal-fired electricity plants on which Indonesia presently relies. The second was the notorious inadequacy of the existing electricity supply in Java, and especially in the industrialised region around Jakarta, even after an attempted “crash program” from 2006 to expand the number of coal-fired stations. The third driver was the hunger of Japanese, Korean, and French nuclear power plant manufacturers – and their governments - to find export markets to underwrite the costs of domestic production.

By 2007, BATAN had reason to feel reasonably confident that they might be lucky the third time around. In 2004-5 BATAN had once more begun to publicly press the case for nuclear energy, and nuclear energy was authorised as part of the nation’s planned energy mix for the following decade. In January 2006 a presidential decision by President Susilo Bambang Yudhuyono determined that “new” energy sources, including nuclear power, would make up five per cent of the nation’s electricity supply by 2025. BATAN announced that it expected to be calling for tenders for the first Muria plant in 2010, with construction to begin two years later, aiming for a completion date of 2016.

Plantation view, looking east

Plantation view, looking east
Source: Richard Tanter, September 2007.

However, BATAN, and its close ally on this issue, the Ministry of Research and Technology, are but one part of the Indonesian government, and relatively small players at that. BATAN’s widely-reported announcements and plans do not in themselves amount to an actual government commitment to build a power plant. While the 2006 Presidential Decision mandates the development of nuclear power, a further presidential decision, as well as formal parliamentary budgetary and legislative authorisation, are still required before the construction of a nuclear power plant could go ahead.

In Indonesia, as in other countries, until bids are called for construction tenders, financing is guaranteed, and contracts for construction actually signed, international nuclear industry watchers treat the enthusiastic pronouncements of nuclear planning agencies with weary scepticism. In making these apparently certain announcements of timelines for letting tenders, starting construction, and plants coming online, national nuclear energy agencies like BATAN are in fact lobbying gatekeepers in their own governments and potential foreign corporate and government suppliers of capital and technology.

By early 2008, BATAN’s optimism appeared to have faded, at least in public. The single most important contributor to this apparent slowdown in BATAN’s plans was the wide publicity that followed the September 2007 decision by a gathering of Islamic teachers (ulama) in Jepara to declare the Indonesian government’s plans to build a nuclear power station on the Muria peninsula haramor forbidden according to Islamic jurisprudence. [ii] The Nahdlatul Ulama bahtsul masa’il of more than a hundred ulamas heard from ministers and government advisors, and scientists supporting and opposing the Muria proposal, and ruled strongly but carefully that the negatives of this particular project outweighed the undoubted positive aspects.

The fatwa commented on four particular concerns: the question of long-term safe disposal and storage of radioactive waste; the potential local and regional environmental consequences of the plant’s operation (for example the impact on heated cooling water on local fishing grounds); the lack of financial clarity about the project, and in particular future potential costs; and problems of foreign technological and fuel dependence.

The issuing of the fatwa by the Jepara branch and Central Java division of NU, amidst undoubtedly great local support, was constructed carefully to avoid the possibility of repudiation on procedural grounds by higher levels of the organisation, and despite criticism from the national leadership of NU closer to the government, was not overturned.

With the emergence of strong local opposition to the Ujung Lemahabang site and continuing potent scientific criticism of the appropriateness of the site, representatives of BATAN and the Ministry of Research and Technology began in early 2008 to say that the Ujung Lemahabang site choice was in fact not yet final, and that other sites in Java and even Kalimantan would be considered.

The path to the Muria choice

Yet all is not as it seems with this suggested shift away from the Muria peninsula choice. To fully understand the possibilities and limitations of this apparent change of direction, it is important to go back over the process that led to the choice of the Muria peninsula as the government’s long-preferred site.

Since the mid-1980s, BATAN's preferred nuclear power plant site has been located on the Muria peninsula on the northern coast of Central Java. Since at least 1996, the preferred site on the peninsula has been Ujung Lemahabang in the village of Balong. However, the process of searching for and deciding on an appropriate site for Indonesia's first nuclear powered electricity generating plant commenced in the early 1970s. Fourteen sites were proposed in 1975 by the Location Sub-committee of Nuclear Power Plant Construction Preparation Committee, of which five were selected in the Karangkrates workshop in the same year. Sites mentioned in Java to this point included Pasuruan and Bondowoso in East Java, Lasem in Central Java, just east of the three Muria peninsula sites of Ujung Grengganan, Ujung Watu and Ujung Lemahabang, Tanjung Pujut in Banten, and on the south coast of Java, Ujung Genteng, Pangandaran dan Malang Selatan. [iii]

Historical candidate sites

Sites considered as possible candidate nuclear power plant locations from 1974 to 2008.

A joint BATAN-NIRA Indonesian-Italian feasibility study selected the Muria peninsula as its preferred location in 1983. The subsequent NEWJEC Japanese feasibility study over 1991 - 1996 focused on three sites on the north coast of the Muria peninsula regarded as suitable - Ujung Lemahabang and Ujung Grengganan in the village of Balong, and Ujung Watu, a few kilometers east. Ujung Lemahabang emerged as the preferred site according to BATAN, because apart from other advantages in terms of land and sea access, relatively low population density and location, and ground characteristics, of all possible sites in Java Ujung Lemahabang had the most favourable ranking in terms of volcanic and seismic hazards. This was despite serious criticism of the seismic hazards of the site given its proximity to major fault lines and poor soil structure, and proximity to the Muria volcanic complex 25 kilometers away, which IAEA geologists and volcanologists regarded as still capable of erupting in the expected life time of the plant. [iv]

In fact, the three Muria sites emerged early and remained as the preferred sites mainly because, despite their volcanic and seismic problems, they were the least bad option in the one of the most seismically and volcanically active areas of the world. Put simply, there are no good sites for nuclear power stations on Java.

An alternative to the Muria site?

Ujung Lemahabang remained BATAN’s publicly preferred site until mid- 2008 when BATAN and the Ministry of Research and Technology began to throw doubt on the certainty of the site selection because of the level of public opposition and scientific criticism. In June the head of BATAN said that the Muria site was not the government’s final choice, and that other sites were now being considered. In mid-2008 both the head of BATAN and the Minister of Research and Technology proposed new possible sites in West Java, including Pulau Panjang and the large seaport project town of Bojonegara in Banten, and unspecified sites in Kalimantan. [v]

Cilegon regional map

Cilegon regional map
Source: Bojonegara Port Development (Phase 1), Directorate General of Sea Communication,
Ministry of Communications, Project Summary, Jakarta, January 2005.

To facilitate the emergence of an alternative to the troublesome Jepara site, BATAN and the Ministry of Minerals and Natural Resources announced they would consider offering financial incentives for regions willing to host a nuclear power plant. Even an important critic of the Muria proposal, former president Abdurrachman Wahid, suggested relocating the planned Muria reactor to the island group of Karimunjawa, some 80 kms north of the Muria peninsula, though BATAN can have taken little joy from the suggestion to locate a nuclear plant within a famous marine national park and up-market tourist destination. [vi]

Yet while the governor of Banten indicated in August 2008 that he would be open to deepening the burgeoning industrial development of the region with government investment in a nuclear power plant, this would have to be preceded by a “deep and comprehensive study”. [vii] In fact, public opposition began to emerge almost immediately in both Banten and Kalimantan. In Cilegon, the closest major city to the proposed Banten sites, the city administration rejected the idea of a nuclear power plant both because this “steel city” already had adequate power sources, and because it was concerned about unrest that would follow such a move. [viii] The Kalimantan proposal was most likely never to be taken seriously, because of the distance the power would have to be transmitted to reach the Jamali power grid which consumes the great bulk of Indonesia’s electricity. The two “new” Banten candidate sites at the head of the Sunda Straits at Pulau Panjang and Bojonegara are in fact close to the long-rejected site Tanjung Pujut – barely 70 kms from Anak Krakatau, and seismically even more dangerous than the Muria sites.

Any shift away from the Muria region to an as yet undetermined new location will set the already overdue BATAN building schedule back by many years. The Muria site itself, which has been studied in depth for almost two decades, will in any case require an almost completely new feasibility study in any case, since so much has changed in both nuclear technology and seismic assessment knowledge and guidelines since the NewJEC study in the early 1990s. Meanwhile, BATAN evidently retains a strong interest in the Muria site. The agency’s “sosialisi” activities or top-down version of cultivation of community acceptance in the Muria region continues, and has in fact expanded.

Nuclear power blocked by the financial crisis?

The cost of paying for nuclear power, or any other sort of large-scale power infrastructure is a major problem for government in Indonesia. The capital costs of even the first of the four 1,000 MW nuclear power stations that BATAN has planned for the Muria peninsula will be, according to BATAN, between at least US $1.5 billion and $2 billion. Based on the experience of recent nuclear plant construction in other parts of the world, final costs, should the project go ahead, are certain to be a great deal higher. Current US utilities estimates are close to US$6,000 - $7,000 per kilowatt of installed capacity, compared with BATAN’s figures of US$1,500-1,800 per kilowatt. [ix] Indonesia has already had serious difficulty attracting foreign investment in major infrastructure projects. The 2005 and 2006 infrastructure investment summits called for more than $5 billion in electricity infrastructure investment – to no avail. Against a backdrop of longstanding dissatisfaction with laws governing mining and foreign investment generally, foreign investors showed even less enthusiasm for these power generation projects, discouraged by the government’s political inability to raise heavily subsidised electricity tariffs to approach the costs of production. [x]

To the extent that it is true that there is a “nuclear renaissance” motivated by concerns about oil shortages and climate change, nuclear plant manufacturers are more interested in concentrating on markets in north America and Europe, and even in those regions, construction is not proceeding as rapidly as is often suggested by the “nuclear renaissance” phrase. Moreover, where possible, nuclear plant manufacturers would always prefer to invest the considerable corporate resources required just to bid for a nuclear plant tender, even before construction is commenced, in countries with more stable and reliable political, regulatory and economic environments than those like Indonesia. [xi] One key unresolved issue for any would-be vendor is that of liability in the event of a nuclear accident in Indonesia. The global financial and credit crises will only exacerbate all of these issues.

However, important as these financial factors militating against an Indonesian nuclear power decision undoubtedly are, there is another set of financial considerations likely to have even more influence, and in the other direction. This is the fact that both of the likely nuclear power plant providers favoured to win a contract to build a plant on Muria - Japan’s Mitsubishi Heavy Industry (MHI) and Korea’s Korean Hydro Nuclear Power (KHNP) - will be strongly backed by their government’s export credit banks, thus to some extent obviating purely commercial financial concerns. KHNP is a subsidiary of the Korean government monopoly Korea Electric Power Corporation, with strong government financial support for its export efforts. The main Japanese contender, Mitsubishi Heavy Industry, one of Japan’s largest companies, [xii] will be able to rely on the Nuclear Energy Policy of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) which requires the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) and Nippon Export and Investment Insurance (NEXI) to provide export credits for nuclear exports. [xiii] In the current climate, longterm loans from Korean and Japanese government sources will be a key weapon in the arsenal of the two big Korean and Japanese companies facing off in the race, both even more anxious than ever to secure a big nuclear construction contract on the Muria peninsula.

Is the Muria plan dead?

2009 is an election year in Indonesia: parliamentary elections take place in April and the presidential election in July. Nuclear power plans are opposed at the local level by almost every major political group in Jepara, and are not going to win votes. Consequently it is not surprising that BATAN has begun to publicly backpedal on the Muria proposal. On the other hand, the next administration will be under great pressure to address the question of unmet electricity demand seriously – either by expanding generation or, less likely, by pressing the cause of increasing efficiency and energy conservation,

The question is whether BATAN’s apparent loss of public enthusiasm for the Ujung Lemahabang site amounts to the third time its proposal has been defeated in two decades. In fact, there is good reason to doubt that BATAN has in fact abandoned its long-held plans, and that the issue has just been removed from the public agenda for the duration of the election campaigns. While the case for a nuclear response to Indonesia’s electricity requirements is a weak one, with serious volcanic-seismic risk, regulatory risk, and financial risk, the social forces backing nuclear power inside the country and abroad are powerful. Korean Hydro Nuclear Power and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and their governments remain convinced that the issue is alive, and merely in suspended animation. The key will be the attitude of the incoming administration power-brokers – in particular in the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources and the presidential palace.

References

[i] This article derives from a wider project on the intersection of Indonesian nuclear power proposals, climate change as a security issue, and Australia-Indonesia security dynamics. Reframing Australia-Indonesia security is a Nautilus Institute project in collaboration with Indonesian partner organisations through shared work on global problems: in particular climate change and energy insecurity. This includes the influence of climate change concerns on nuclear energy planning in the two countries, and the possible misperceptions deriving from both current nuclear planning and past nuclear proliferation attempts.

Forthcoming studies will deal specifically with volcanic and seismic hazards, financial and regulatory risk, nuclear vendor corporate-government relations, the salience of climate change to energy policy, political aspects of energy decision-making in Indonesia, proliferation risks, and consequences for Indonesian foreign relations. See Reframing initiative - publications and media, Reframing Australia-Indonesia security project, Nautilus Institute.

Detailed documentation of Indonesian nuclear power planning is at Indonesian nuclear power proposals, Reframing Australia-Indonesia security project, Nautilus Institute [frequently updated].

[ii] For the decision by the Jepara Nahdatul Ulama bahtsul masa’il, see Richard Tanter, Nuclear fatwa: Islamic jurisprudence and the Muria nuclear power station proposal”, Austral Policy Forum, 13 December 2007, 07-25A and Richard Tanter, Muria nuclear power plant fatwa documents - English translations, Reframing Australia-Indonesia security project, Nautilus Institute, November 2007.

[iii] See Site selection history, Indonesian Nuclear Power Proposals: Muria, Reframing Australia-Indonesia security project, Nautilus Institute.

[iv] For a full discussion of publicly available evidence and scientific assessments of volcanic and scientific issues, and an annotated guide to sources, see Richard Tanter, Volcanic and seismic hazards, Indonesian Nuclear Power Proposals: Muria, Reframing Australia-Indonesia security project, Nautilus Institute.

[v] See Contemporary alternative site proposals, Indonesian Nuclear Power Proposals: Muria, Reframing Australia-Indonesia security project, Nautilus Institute.

[vi] Gus Dur Minta PLTN Muria dipindahkan ke Pulau Karimunjawa [Gus Dur requests that the Muria NPP be moved to Karimunjawa], Media Indonesia, 31 January 2008.

[vii] PLTN Akan Dibangun di Pantura Banten [Nuclear Power Plant to be Built in the Northern Coastal Region of Banten], Kompas, 5 August 2008.

[viii] Cilegon Tolak PLTN [Cilegon Opposes nuclear power station], Sinar Harapan, 05 Agustus 2008.

[ix] See, for example, Power market developments: How much?, Nuclear Engineering International, 20 November 2007.

[x] See for example, Dionisius A. Narjoko and Frank Jotzo, Survey of recent developments, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 43:2, (2007) pp. 161ff.

[xi] Vendors' relative risk rising in new nuclear power markets, Mark Hibbs and Ann MacLachlan, Nucleonics week, Vol. 48 No. 3, January 18, 2007.

[xii] See Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Indonesian Nuclear Power Proposals: Muria, Reframing Australia-Indonesia security project, Nautilus Institute.

[xiii] The Challenges and Directions for Nuclear Energy Policy in Japan: Japan’s Nuclear Energy National Plan, Nuclear Energy Policy Planning Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), December 2006.

About the authors

Richard Tanter is Senior Research Associate at Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability and Director of the Nautilus Institute at RMIT. He has written widely on Japanese security policy, including 'With Eyes Wide Shut: Japan, Heisei Militarization and the Bush Doctrine' in Melvin Gurtov and Peter Van Ness (eds.), Confronting the Bush Doctrine: Critical Views from the Asia-Pacific, (New York: Routledge, 2005). His most recent book, co-edited with Gerry Van Klinken and Desmond Ball, is Masters of Terror: Indonesia's Military and Violence in East Timor in 1999 [second edition].

Other policy forums by Richard Tanter:

Short biography: Richard Tanter. Contact e-mail: richard.tanter@rmit.edu.au.

Arabella Imhoff is a research officer at the Nautilus Institute at RMIT where she is the editor of the Austral Peace and Security Network (APSNet). Arabella is involved in the Nautilus Institute’s work on Indonesian nuclear power and broader work on Indonesian-Australian security relations.

Nautilus invites your response

The Austral Peace and Security Network invites your responses to this essay. Please send responses to the editor, Arabella Imhoff: austral@rmit.edu.au. Responses will be considered for redistribution to the network only if they include the author's name, affiliation, and explicit consent.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Nautilus Institute. Readers should note that Nautilus seeks a diversity of views and opinions on contentious topics in order to identify common ground.

Produced by the Nautilus Institute at RMIT, Austral Peace and Security Network (APSNet). You might like to subscribe to the free twice weekly newsletter.




Selasa, 03 Februari 2009

Jelang Konferensi Energi Nasional Mahasiswa Indonesia, Maret 2009

BANDUNG, itb.ac.id- Sebagai bentuk kepedulian terhadap permasalahan energi di tanah air saat ini, Keluarga Mahasiswa (KM) ITB mengadakan Konferensi Energi Nasional Mahasiswa Indonesia (KENMI). Acara yang direncanakan berlangsung pada Maret 2009 ini, akan mempertemukan 3 pihak yang terkait masalah energi: pemerintah, swasta, dan mahasiswa. KENMI terbuka bagi mahasiswa di seluruh Indonesia.

Dalam program kerjanya, KM ITB menilai bahwa ada 3 aspek di Indonesia yang perlu diperhatikan, yaitu pangan, energi, dan pendidikan. Terkait dengan ITB sebagai perguruan berbasis teknologi, energi pun dipilih sebagai fokus kegiatan. KM ITB mencanangkan Gerakan Kebangkitan Nasional sebagai alur program kerjanya yang bersifat menggali dan menunjukkan potensi-potensi yang ada di Indonesia, salah satunya melalui Konferensi Enerrgi ini.

Berangkat dari keprihatinan terhadap kondisi kemandirian energi di negara ini. KM ITB menilai bahwa saat ini belum terjadi kondisi ideal berkenaan dengan Kebijakan Energi Nasional yang dicanangkan pemerintah. Hal tersebut berdasarkan pada Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional, Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral tahun 2005, yang menyebutkan kondisi ideal antara lain:

- Kebijakan Energi Nasional sesuai dengan platform politik Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu
- Meningkatnya akses masyarakat kepada energi
- Meningkatnya kondisi ekonomi sehingga kemampuan/ daya beli masyarakat meningkat
- Harga energi sesuai dengan keekonomiannya

Hal-hal seperti kurangnya pasokan listrik, langka dan mahalnya BBM, pasokan LPG yang tidak menentu, dan lain-lain mengundang pertanyaan apakah kondisi kemadirian energi saat ini sudah ideal atau belum.

ITB sebagai universitas berbasis riset memiliki kewajiban dalam bidang pengembangan dan penerapan teknologi yang mampu menciptakan nilai tambah maksimal untuk mencapai kesejahteraan masyarakat dan bangsa Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, diarahkan pada penemuan energi alternatif yang menjadi salah satu solusi kondisi ideal tadi. KENMI diharapkan menjadi ajang yang mampu mempertemukan pihak pemerintah bersama kebijakannya, swasta bersama teknik dan kondisi di lapangan;, dengan mahasiswa bersama ide-ide kreatifnya.

Bertemakan "Inovasi Mahasiswa untuk Kemandirian Energi Indonesia", rangkaian acara KENMI telah berlangsung sejak Januari 2009, berupa pengiriman undangan kepada minimal 1 perguruan tinggi dari setiap propinsi di Indonesia. Setiap peserta wajib mengumpulkan paper yang meliputi:
- Analisis keadaan energi di daerah asal peserta
- Analisis mengenai potensi energi alternatif yang dimiliki daerah asal peserta
- Inovasi gagasan peserta terkait potensi energi alternatif yang dimiliki daerah asalnya

Tercermin pada logo acara ini, 3 warna yang memusat pada 1 lingkaran di tengah, mencerminkan 3 aspek yang akan dipertemukan dalam acara ini. Matahari dipilih sebagai lambang karena merupakan sumber energi terbesar.

Acara utama KENMI yang berlangsung pada 14 - 15 Maret 2009, akan terdiri dari Seminar "Pengelolaan Energi Nasional Menuju Indonesia Mandiri Energi" dan "Energi Alternatif sebagai Jawaban atas Permasalahan Energi Nasional". Paper hasil karya mahasiswa yang telah diseleksi akan dipresentasikan pada Konferensi Mahasiswa di acara berikutnya. Selain acara-acara di atas, masih ada pula Kunjungan ke Desa Mandiri dan Pameran Karya. Melalui rangkaian acara ini, diharapkan terciptanya solusi bersama dalam pengembangan alternaif dalam mewujudkan kemandirian energi Indonesia.

Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai Konferensi Energi Nasional Mahasiswa Indonesia dapat dilihat di situs ini.


Selasa, 06 Januari 2009

DAFTAR INSTANSI PUSAT YANG TELAH DITETAPKAN KONVERSI NIP OLEH BKN

Sesuai dengan Peraturan Kepala BKN Nomor 22 Tahun 2007 tanggal 28 Maret 2007 Tentang Nomor Identitas Pegawai Negeri Sipi dan Peraturan Kepala BKN 43 tahun 2007 Tentang Tata Cara Permintaan, Penetapan dan Penggunaan Nomor Identitas Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Dengan ini Deputi Bidang Informasi Kepegawaian menyampaikan daftar instansi pusat yang telah selesai dilakukan konversi NIP Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Adapun instansi pusat yang NIP PNS-nya telah dilakukan konversi adalah sebagai berikut :


1 Menko Bidang Politik dan Keamanan
2 Menko Bidang Perekonomian
3 Menko Bidang Kesejahteraan Rakyat
4 Meneg Riset dan Teknologi
5 Meneg Koperasi Dan UKM
6 Meneg Lingkungan Hidup
7 Meneg BUMN
8 Meneg Pemberdayaan Perempuan
9 Meneg Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara
10 Meneg Pemuda Olah Raga
11 Meneg Perumahan Rakyat
12 Meneg Pembangunan Daerah Tertingga
13 Dep. Luar Negeri
14 Dep. Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia
15 Dep. Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral
16 Dep. Perhubungan
17 Dep. Tenaga Kerja Dan Transmigrasi
18 Dep. Sosial
19 Dep. Kehutanan
20 Dep. Kelautan Dan Perikanan
21 Dep. Perdagangan
22 Dep. Pekerjaan Umum
23 Dep. Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata
24 Badan Intelijen Negara
25 Setjen MPR
26 Setjen DPR
27 Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan
28 Setjen WANTANNAS
29 Lembaga Sandi Negara
30 Badan Kepegawaian Negara
31 Lembaga Administrasi Negara
32 Lembaga Penerbangan Antariksa Nasional
33 Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
34 Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
35 Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional
36 Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia
37 Badan Koord. Survei & Pemetaan Nasional
38 Badan Koordinasi KB Nasional
39 Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal
40 Badan Pengkajian & Penerapan Teknologi
41 Badan Pengawasan Keuangan & Pembangunan
42 Perpustakaan Nasional RI
43 Badan Standardisasi Nasional
44 Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir
45 Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan
46 Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional
47 Badan Narkotika Nasional
48 Setjen Komisi Pemilihan Umum
49 Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana
50 Setjen KOMNAS HAM
51 Setjen Mahkamah Konstitusi
52 Setjen Komisi Yudisial
53 Setjen Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
54 Badan Koordinasi Keamanan Laut RI


Senin, 05 Januari 2009

KenAngan 2008

Sbenerny gw MW ad tlisan ini akhir bln des 08, mlkm gw lg byak kgitn holiday. Di Bln Pertama gw jd penganggrn maklum gw ud ditrima jdi CPNS baru msk bln februari. Bln februari gw mulai masuk kerja mulai ktemu tmn2 kerja. Wow tmn2 gw umurnya 38-58 th wleh2 dan ud pd S2 dan S3. Waduh2 Gw yg bru umur 21 th, bda jauh amt ternyata ad efeknya diblan mret gw ngak bs gwul sm tmn2 gw soalny yg dbcarakan gji pas-pasaan trz dari mslh seklah ank, prestsi ank , brita politics, rmunerasi gji pns yg msih blum jlas. Ngak ad yg ngomngin smallvlie, spidey, rihanna, R & B, arts2 cntk dll bwat ank mda. Bln april ikut diklat Proteksi radiasi alhamdulilah gw lls berarti gw dpet tmbahan Tjgan lgi. buln mei-juni kembli dkantr ikut experiment percobaan penelitian prpindahn pnas. Juli gw ikut prajbtn dtu gw byak knaan dgan pns intsnsi lainnya mlai setneg, BPPT, KNPP. Pd acra itu gw jd wong yg dknal maklum not celeb bcz gw klo pimpn upcra slh trz shinga bnyak anak2 yg pd ktawa.agusts-sp gw mli kerj lg sking btnya kjaan ad niat mw pindah instansi. Tmn dsbelah gw iktn tes dplu syng prjanganny sia2 stelah skian byak izin nggak msk. bln nov gw iktn diklat lg yg ngajar orng jpang, bru ktemu orang jpn deg2an gw maklum spek english gw msih bleptn, mr kobayashi, sakamoto, pk dokter lpa nmany dan miz japn tabata. disitu gw banyk tw tntang kselamatn radiasi instalasi nuklir. Bln des banyk mkn dkntr bcz tmn2 krja abz dklat dluar negri(jd mw nihkluar negeri untuk ktemu micele yeoh, keira knigley, dn agelina joli) mkn ayam bkr dan migreng spesial...........!!! ud ya itu aj yg bs gw critain di thn 2008. bye thn 08 dn caiyo 2009 smoga harpn dn cta2 dpat terwujd.